Source/license record for every image in attachments/. Self-generated figures use matplotlib and are illustrative only — captions in the notes flag this where it matters.
Filename
First-used note
Type
Caption snippet
elec292-roc-auc-curve.png
AUC.md
self-generated
*Self-generated illustrative figure — ROC curves at three skill levels (synthetic). AUC is the area under each curve; a
elec292-roc-auc-curve.png
ROC curve.md
self-generated
*Self-generated illustrative figure — ROC curves at three skill levels (synthetic). The diagonal is random; AUC is the a
elec292-confusion-matrix.png
Confusion matrix.md
self-generated
*Self-generated illustrative figure — Example 2x2 confusion matrix with rows = actual class and columns = predicted clas
elec292-gradient-descent.png
Gradient descent.md
self-generated
*Self-generated illustrative figure — Iterations of gradient descent on a convex loss surface (synthetic). Step size $\a
elec292-learning-rate-impact.png
Learning rate.md
self-generated
*Self-generated illustrative figure — Effect of learning rate on convergence (synthetic). Too small → slow; about right
elec292-pca-projection.png
Principal Component Analysis.md
self-generated
*Self-generated illustrative figure — Principal components of a 2-D Gaussian cloud (synthetic). PC1 captures the directi
elec292-tsne-clusters.png
t-SNE.md
self-generated
*Self-generated illustrative figure — Idealised t-SNE embedding (synthetic): four high-dimensional clusters mapped to 2-
elec292-logistic-sigmoid.png
Logistic regression.md
self-generated
*Self-generated illustrative figure — Sigmoid function mapping a linear predictor z=β0+β1x to a probability
elec292-generalization-bias-variance.png
Generalization (machine learning).md
self-generated
*Self-generated illustrative figure — Underfit / good fit / overfit on the same synthetic data — high-degree polynomials
elec292-normalization-effect.png
Normalization.md
self-generated
*Self-generated illustrative figure — Before vs after z-score standardisation (synthetic). Distance-based methods benefi
elec292-moving-average-filter.png
Moving-average filter.md
self-generated
*Self-generated illustrative figure — Noisy sinusoid (gray) smoothed by an N=25 moving-average filter (red). True sign
elec292-classification-boundary.png
Classification (ML).md
self-generated
Self-generated illustrative figure — Two-class data in 2-D with a linear decision boundary (synthetic).
elec224-bode-lowpass.png
Lowpass filter.md
self-generated
*Self-generated illustrative figure — Bode plot of a first-order lowpass with corner fc=10 rad/s — −20 dB/decade roll
elec224-bode-highpass.png
Highpass filter.md
self-generated
*Self-generated illustrative figure — Bode plot of a first-order highpass with corner fc=10 rad/s — +20 dB/decade ris
elec224-bode-lowpass.png
Frequency response.md
self-generated
*Self-generated illustrative figure — First-order lowpass Bode plot: magnitude in dB and phase in degrees vs log frequen
elec224-sampling.png
Sampling.md
self-generated
*Self-generated illustrative figure — A 4 Hz sinusoid sampled at 10 Hz — above Nyquist, so the samples uniquely determin
elec224-aliasing.png
Aliasing.md
self-generated
*Self-generated illustrative figure — Undersampling: a 7 Hz sinusoid sampled at 8 Hz is indistinguishable from a 1 Hz al
elec224-sampling.png
Sampling theorem.md
self-generated
*Self-generated illustrative figure — Sampling a 4 Hz sinusoid at 10 Hz — above the Nyquist rate, the samples preserve t
elec224-aliasing.png
Nyquist rate.md
self-generated
*Self-generated illustrative figure — Below-Nyquist sampling: the true 7 Hz tone and a 1 Hz alias fit the same samples e
elec224-sinc-function.png
Sinc interpolation.md
self-generated
*Self-generated illustrative figure — Normalised sinc function sin(πx)/(πx) — the ideal interpolation kernel fo
elec224-gibbs-phenomenon.png
Gibbs phenomenon.md
self-generated
*Self-generated illustrative figure — Partial Fourier sums of a square wave: the ~9% overshoot near jumps does not vanis
elec224-rc-step-response.png
RC step response.md
self-generated
*Self-generated illustrative figure — First-order RC charging: vC(t)=V(1−e−t/τ). At t=τ the response has r
elec224-rc-step-response.png
Time constant.md
self-generated
Self-generated illustrative figure — RC charging reaches 1−e−1≈63.2% of the final value at t=τ.
elec224-graphical-convolution.png
Graphical convolution.md
self-generated
*Self-generated illustrative figure — Convolving two rectangular pulses of widths 2 and 1 — the result is a trapezoid of
elec224-spectrum-example.png
Spectrum (signal).md
self-generated
*Self-generated illustrative figure — Top: a time-domain signal made of 30, 80, 150 Hz sinusoids. Bottom: its magnitude
Self-generated illustrative figure — how a 32-bit address splits into tag, index, and offset for a direct-mapped 256 KB cache with 32-byte blocks.
elec274-two-pass-assembly-flow.png
Assembler.md
self-generated
Self-generated illustrative figure — pass 1 reads the source and populates the symbol table; pass 2 re-reads the source, consults the symbol table to resolve every label reference, and writes the object file.
elec274-memory-cell-array-clean.png
Memory cell.md
self-generated
Self-generated illustrative figure — the standard array organisation: a row decoder activates a word line, every cell in that row dumps its value onto a bit line, sense amplifiers boost the small signals, and the column decoder picks which column’s value reaches the data output.
